J Clin Gynecol Obstet

Journal of Clinical Gynecology and Obstetrics, ISSN 1927-1271 print, 1927-128X online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Clin Gynecol Obstet and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jcgo.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 4, December 2025, pages 149-154

A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Conventional In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Maternal Age

**Table 1.** Demographic Data and Comorbidities of the Studied Patients
Data presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), frequency (%). BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.
N	70
Age (years)	41.3 ± 1.77
Weight (kg)	77.5 ± 9.89
Height (cm)	163.4 ± 4.14
BMI (kg/m²)	29.1 ± 3.83
Comorbidities
Hypertension	9 (12.86%)
Diabetes	3 (4.29%)

Table 1. Demographic Data and Comorbidities of the Studied Patients

Data presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR), frequency (%). BMI: body mass index; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.

Age (years)

41.3 ± 1.77

Weight (kg)

77.5 ± 9.89

Height (cm)

163.4 ± 4.14

BMI (kg/m²)

29.1 ± 3.83

Comorbidities

Hypertension

9 (12.86%)

Diabetes

3 (4.29%)

**Table 2.** Hormone Levels, Semen Parameters, and Total Oocyte Number of the Studied Patients
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; ET: embryo transfer; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone.
N	70
Daily dose of gonadotropins (IU)	351.5 (231.25 - 431)
Length of stimulation (days)	9.7 ± 2.43
	During ovarian stimulation	On the ET day	P value
FSH levels (IU/L)	9.1 ± 3.69	6.7 ± 3.69	< 0.001
LH levels (IU/L)	4.9 (2.6 - 6.6)	3.65 (1.4 - 5.38)	< 0.001
AMH levels (ng/mL)	2.1 ± 0.62	2.1 ± 0.62	-
Estradiol levels (pg/mL)	2021.9 ± 192.73	213.5 ± 68.62	< 0.001
Progesterone levels (ng/mL)	1.2 (0.8 - 1.6)	1.05 (0.6 - 1.3)	< 0.001
Prolactin levels (ng/mL)	13.2 ± 3.21	12.8 ± 3.27	< 0.001
Endometrial thickness (mm)	9.5 ± 1.52	10.9 ± 1.54	< 0.001
Semen parameters	Sperm volume (mL)	2.1 ± 0.37
	Sperm concentration (million/mL)	72.5 (29 - 110.25)
	Motility (%)	59.7 ± 13.13
	Normal morphology (%)	5.2 ± 0.74
Mean number of oocytes per patient	7.1 ± 2.94

Table 2. Hormone Levels, Semen Parameters, and Total Oocyte Number of the Studied Patients

Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR). AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; ET: embryo transfer; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone.

Daily dose of gonadotropins (IU)

351.5 (231.25 - 431)

Length of stimulation (days)

9.7 ± 2.43

During ovarian stimulation

On the ET day

P value

FSH levels (IU/L)

9.1 ± 3.69

6.7 ± 3.69

< 0.001

LH levels (IU/L)

4.9 (2.6 - 6.6)

3.65 (1.4 - 5.38)

< 0.001

AMH levels (ng/mL)

2.1 ± 0.62

Estradiol levels (pg/mL)

2021.9 ± 192.73

213.5 ± 68.62

< 0.001

Progesterone levels (ng/mL)

1.2 (0.8 - 1.6)

1.05 (0.6 - 1.3)

< 0.001

Prolactin levels (ng/mL)

13.2 ± 3.21

12.8 ± 3.27

< 0.001

Endometrial thickness (mm)

9.5 ± 1.52

10.9 ± 1.54

< 0.001

Semen parameters

Sperm volume (mL)

2.1 ± 0.37

Sperm concentration (million/mL)

72.5 (29 - 110.25)

Motility (%)

59.7 ± 13.13

Normal morphology (%)

5.2 ± 0.74

Mean number of oocytes per patient

7.1 ± 2.94

**Table 3.** Outcomes of the Studied Groups
	ICSI group (n = 250)	c-IVF group (n = 250)	P
Data are presented as median (IQR) or frequency (%). ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IQR: interquartile range; c-IVF: conventional in vitro fertilization; TQE: top-quality embryo.
Number of zygotes/number of oocytes	178 (71.2%)	181 (72.4%)	0.766
Number of cleavage-stage embryos	173 (69.2%)	177 (70.8%)	0.696
Number of TQE	1 (0 - 1)	1 (0 - 1)	0.640
TQE rate/oocyte retrieved	159 (63.6%)	164 (65.6%)	0.640
Number of embryos transferred	137 (54.8%)	144 (57.6%)	0.528
Number of blastocysts formed	134 (53.6%)	139 (55.6%)	0.653
Number of clinical pregnancies	118 (47.2%)	128 (51.2%)	0.371
Number of ongoing pregnancies	103 (41.2%)	109 (43.6%)	0.587

Table 3. Outcomes of the Studied Groups

ICSI group (n = 250)

c-IVF group (n = 250)

Data are presented as median (IQR) or frequency (%). ICSI: intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IQR: interquartile range; c-IVF: conventional in vitro fertilization; TQE: top-quality embryo.

Number of zygotes/number of oocytes

178 (71.2%)

181 (72.4%)

0.766

Number of cleavage-stage embryos

173 (69.2%)

177 (70.8%)

0.696

Number of TQE

1 (0 - 1)

0.640

TQE rate/oocyte retrieved

159 (63.6%)

164 (65.6%)

0.640

Number of embryos transferred

137 (54.8%)

144 (57.6%)

0.528

Number of blastocysts formed

134 (53.6%)

139 (55.6%)

0.653

Number of clinical pregnancies

118 (47.2%)

128 (51.2%)

0.371

Number of ongoing pregnancies

103 (41.2%)

109 (43.6%)

0.587